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1.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 62(4): 392-398, July-Aug. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950084

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism (ScH), especially the mild form of ScH, is controversial because thyroid hormones influence cardiac function. We investigate left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in ScH and evaluate the effect of 5-month levothyroxine treatment. Subjects and methods: Fifty-four patients with newly diagnosed mild ScH (4.2 <TSH < 10.0 mU/L) and 30 euthyroid subjects matched by age were analysed. Laboratory analyses and an echocardiography study were done at the first visit and after 5 months in euthyroid stage in patients with ScH. Results: Compared to healthy controls, patients with ScH had a lower E/A ratio (1.03 ± 0.29 vs. 1.26 ± 0.36, p < 0.01), higher E/e' sep. ratio (762 ± 2.29 vs. 6.04 ± 1.64, p < 0.01), higher myocardial performance index (MPI) (0.47 ± 0.08 vs. 0.43 ± 0.07, p < 0.05), lower global longitudinal strain (GLS) (-19.5 ± 2.3 vs. −20.9 ± 1.7%, p < 0.05), and lower S wave derived by tissue Doppler imaging (0.077 ± 0.013 vs. 0.092 ± 0.011 m/s, p < 0.01). Levothyroxine treatment in patients with ScH contributed to higher EF (62.9 ± 3.9 vs. 61.6 ± 4.4%, p < 0.05), lower E/e' sep. ratio (6.60 ± 2.06 vs. 762 ± 2.29, p < 0.01), lower MPI (0.43 ± 0.07 vs. 0.47 ± 0.08%, p < 0.01), and improved GLS (-20.07 ± 2.7 vs. −19.55 ± 2.3%, p < 0.05) compared to values in ScH patients at baseline. Furthermore, in all study populations (ScH patients before and after levothyroxine therapy and controls), TSH levels significantly negatively correlated with EF (r = −0.15, p < 0.05), E/A (r = −0.14, p < 0.05), GLS (r = −0.26, p < 0.001), and S/TDI (r = −0.22, p < 0.01) and positively correlated with E/e' sep. (r = 0.14, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism versus healthy individuals had subtle changes in certain parameters that indicate involvement of systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle. Although the values of the parameters were in normal range, they were significantly different compared to ScH and the control group at baseline, as well as to the ScH groups before and after treatment.The results of our study suggest that patients with ScH must be followed up during treatment to assess improvement of the disease. Some of the echocardiography obtained parameters were reversible after levothyroxine therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Systole/drug effects , Thyroxine/pharmacology , Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects , Diastole/drug effects , Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , Systole/physiology , Thyroxine/administration & dosage , Thyroxine/blood , Thyroxine/therapeutic use , Triiodothyronine/blood , Thyrotropin/blood , Case-Control Studies , Prospective Studies , Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed , Diastole/physiology , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imaging
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 104(1): 85-89, 01/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741125

ABSTRACT

Resistant hypertension (RHTN) is a multifactorial disease characterized by blood pressure (BP) levels above goal (140/90 mmHg) in spite of the concurrent use of three or more antihypertensive drugs of different classes. Moreover, it is well known that RHTN subjects have high prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), which leads to increased risk of heart failure progression. This review gathers data from studies evaluating the effects of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors (administration of acute sildenafil and short-term tadalafil) on diastolic function, biochemical and hemodynamic parameters in patients with RHTN. Acute study with sildenafil treatment found that inhibition of PDE-5 improved hemodynamic parameters and diastolic relaxation. In addition, short-term study with the use of tadalafil demonstrated improvement of LVDD, cGMP and BNP-32 levels, regardless of BP reduction. No endothelial function changes were observed in the studies. The findings of acute and short-term studies revealed potential therapeutic effects of IPDE-5 drugs on LVDD in RHTN patients.


A Hipertensão arterial resistente (HAR) é uma doença multifatorial caracterizada por níveis pressóricos acima das metas (140/90 mmHg), a despeito de tratamento farmacológico otimizado de 3 ou mais fármacos anti-hipertensivos de diferentes classes. Pacientes diagnosticados como hipertensos resistentes apresentam alta prevalência de disfunção diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo (DDVE) que proporciona risco aumentado para insuficiência cardíaca. Esta revisão reúne dados de estudos prévios avaliando os efeitos dos inibidores de fosfodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) (administração aguda de sildenafil e de curto prazo de tadalafil) na função diastólica e nos parâmetros bioquímicos e hemodinâmicos em pacientes com HAR. O estudo agudo com sildenafil demonstrou que a inibição da PDE-5 melhorou os parâmetros hemodinâmicos e de relaxamento diastólico. Além disso, o estudo curto prazo com o uso de tadalafil revelou melhora da DDVE e dos níveis de GMPc e BNP-32, independente de redução de pressão arterial. A função endotelial não apresentou alteração com ambos os tratamentos. Os resultados dos estudos agudo e de curto prazo sugerem efeitos terapêuticos potenciais dos fármacos inibidores da PDE-5 na disfunção diastólica em pacientes com HAR.


Subject(s)
Humans , Heart Failure, Diastolic/drug therapy , Hypertension/drug therapy , /therapeutic use , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/drug therapy , Carbolines/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance , Diastole/drug effects , Heart Failure, Diastolic/physiopathology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Medical Illustration , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Purines/therapeutic use , Sildenafil Citrate , Sulfonamides/therapeutic use , Tadalafil , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
3.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 55(7): 460-467, out. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-607492

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of levothyroxine (L-T4) replacement in echocardiographic parameters of middle-aged women with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Echocardiographic evaluation was carried out at baseline and one year after restoration of euthyroidism. Thirty-three women with SH were assigned to one of two groups (L-T4 or placebo). RESULTS: The two groups had similar basal characteristics. There was a significant deterioration of left ventricular Tei index after one year of placebo use, which differed from the effect of L-T4 replacement (+0.086 ± 0.092 vs. -0.014 ± 0.012; p = 0.047). There was also a slight reduction in cardiac output and cardiac index with placebo use, which was not different from L-T4 effect. CONCLUSION: Results suggest a positive impact of L-T4 replacement in cardiac function of middle-aged women with SH.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da reposição de levotiroxina (L-T4) nos parâmetros ecocardiográficos em mulheres de meia-idade com hipotireoidismo subclínico (HS). SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Realizado estudo duplo-cego, controlado com placebo com avaliação dos parâmetros ecocardiográficos no início e um ano após o restabelecimento do eutireoidismo. Trinta e três mulheres foram incluídas em dois grupos (uso de L-T4 ou placebo). RESULTADOS: Os dois grupos tinham características basais similares. Houve uma significativa piora do índice TEI do ventrículo esquerdo no grupo que usou placebo por um ano. Já no grupo em reposição com L-T4 observou-se uma leve melhora desse índice (+0,086 ± 0,092 vs. -0,014 ± 0,012; p = 0,047). Ocorreu também uma leve redução no débito cardíaco e no índice cardíaco com placebo, os quais não diferiram do efeito da reposição de L-T4. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem um impacto positivo com a reposição de L-T4, na função cardíaca de mulheres de meia-idade, com HS.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Heart/drug effects , Hormone Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Thyroxine/adverse effects , Cardiac Output/drug effects , Cardiac Output/physiology , Double-Blind Method , Diastole/drug effects , Heart/physiopathology , Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , Hypothyroidism , Statistics, Nonparametric , Systole/drug effects , Treatment Outcome , Thyroxine/therapeutic use , Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
4.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 2007 Jan-Mar; 51(1): 86-90
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-106730

ABSTRACT

Anaemia is a common ailment in developing countries which imposes mechanical load on heart. Myocardial Performance index (MPI) was evaluated by apex cardiogram (ACG) in 30 patients suffering from chronic severe anaemia (CSA) (with hemoglobin level less than 6 gm% and at least more than 3 months duration) before and after treatment in the age group of 20-40 years and compared with age and sex matched healthy controls. MPI was measured by simultaneous recordings of apex cardiogram, carotid arterial pulse, electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram on four channel polyrite (INCO). There was considerable increase (P<0.001) in heart rate (HR), left ventricular ejection time (ET) (P<0.02), shortening of isovolumic contraction time (ICT) (P<0.001), with no significant change in isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) in anaemia versus controls. On treatment of anaemia HR and ET decreases (P<0.001), ICT increases (P<0.01) without any change in IVRT. Our findings indicate that performance of myocardium is improved after treatment. So treatment should be instituted as early as possible.


Subject(s)
Adult , Anemia/complications , Chronic Disease , Diastole/drug effects , Electrocardiography , Female , Heart/drug effects , Humans , Male , Myocardial Contraction/drug effects , Prognosis , Severity of Illness Index , Stroke Volume/drug effects , Systole/drug effects , Tachycardia/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome
5.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-93386

ABSTRACT

AIM: To ascertain the presence of LV dysfunction in patients of subclinical hypothyroidism and its reversibility after hormone therapy. METHODS AND METERIAL: Thirty two patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) were included in the study, along with thirty two age and sex matched individuals serving as controls. The patients with SH had normal serum T3 and T4 with an elevated TSH value. All patients and the controls were subjected to detailed echocardiographic examination for assessment of LV systolic and diastolic function before and one year after hormone (thyroxine) therapy. RESULTS: The systolic function of LV was normal in patients with SH. There was significant diastolic dysfunction in the SH patients as compared with controls. There was prolongation of deceleration above time (169 +/- 6.1 msec. vs. 148.1 +/- 5.4 msec in controls, p < 0.05), isovolumic relaxation time (89.1 +/- 7.3 msec vs. 79.4 +/- 5.9 msec., p<0.05), increased A wave (0.63 +/- 0.6 m/sec. vs. 0.54 +/- 0.05 m/sec) and reduced E/A ratio (0.7 +/- 0.09 vs. 1.4 +/- 0.3, p < 0.05). Echocardiography at the end of one year of hormone therapy revealed considerable improvement in diastolic function of the LV. There was significant improvement in DT (from 169 +/- 6.1 msec. to 151 +/- 5.2 msec, p < 0.05), IVRT (from 89.1 +/- 7.3 msec. to 80.2 +/- 6.5 msec, p < 0.05) and increased E/A ratio (from 0.7 +/- 0.09 to 1.3 +/- 0.1, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hypothyroidism, even in subclinical stage, can cause diastolic dysfunction of the LV. These abnormalities in diastolic function can be reversed by thyroxine therapy.


Subject(s)
Adult , Case-Control Studies , Diastole/drug effects , Female , Hormone Replacement Therapy , Humans , Hypothyroidism/complications , Male , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood , Triiodothyronine/blood , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/drug therapy
6.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 478-482, 2003.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-156016

ABSTRACT

Gabapentin has been known to elicit the antinociceptive effect. However, little has been known about the effect of gabapentin on the cardiovascular system. The author's aim of this experiment was to examine the hemodynamic effects of gabapentin. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Intrathecal or intracerebroventricular catheters were implanted and gabapentin was delivered through each catheter or directly into the peritoneal cavity. For hemodynamic measurements, catheters were inserted into the tail artery. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured over 60 min following administration of gabapentin. Intrathecal and intraperitoneal gabapentin did not induce significant changes of hemodynamics over the 60 min compared to the baseline value. Intracerebroventricular gabapentin increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, but there is no statistically difference in blood pressure change according to the dose.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Acetates/pharmacology , Analgesics/pharmacology , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Catheterization , Diastole/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Systole/drug effects , Time Factors
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 32(8): 989-97, Aug. 1999.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-238968

ABSTRACT

The available data suggests that hypotension caused by Hg2+ administration may be produced by a reduction of cardiac contractility or by cholinergic mechanisms. The hemodynamic effects of an intravenous injection of HgCl2 (5 mg/kg) were studied in anesthetized rats (N = 12) by monitoring left and right ventricular (LV and RV) systolic and diastolic pressures for 120 min. After HgCl2 administration the LV systolic pressure decreased only after 40 min (99 +or - 3.3 to 85 + or - 8.8 mmHg at 80 min). However, RV systolic pressure increased, initially slowly but faster after 30 min (25 + or - 1.8 to 42 + or - 1.6 mmHg at 80 min). Both right and left diastolic pressures increased after HgCl2 treatment, suggesting the development of diastolic ventricular dysfunction. Since HgCl2 could be increasing pulmonary vascular resistance, isolated lungs (N = 10) were perfused for 80 min with Krebs solution (continuous flow of 10 ml/min) containing or not 5 µM HgCl2. A continuous increase in pulmonary vascular resistance was observed, suggesting the direct effect of Hg2+ on the pulmonary vessels (12 + or - 0.4 to 29 + or - 3.2 mmHg at 30 min). To examine the interactions of Hg2+ and changes in cholinergic activity we analyzed the effects of acetylcholine (Ach) on mean arterial blood pressure (ABP) in anesthetized rats (N = 9) before and after Hg2+ treatment (5 mg/kg). Using the same amount and route used to study the hemodynamic effects we also examined the effects of Hg2+ administration on heart and plasma cholinesterase activity (N = 10). The in vivo hypotensive response to Ach (0.035 to 10.5 µg) was reduced after Hg2+ treatment. Cholinesterase activity (µM h-1 mg protein-1) increased in heart and plasma (32 and 65 percent, respectively) after Hg2+ treatment. In conclusion, the reduction in ABP produced by Hg2+ is not dependent on a putative increase in cholinergic activity. HgCl2 mainly affects cardiac function. The increased pulmonary vascular resistance and cardiac failure due to diastolic dysfunction of both ventricles are factors that might contribute to the reduction of cardiac output and the fall in arterial pressure


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Mercury/pharmacology , Diastole/drug effects , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Butyrylcholinesterase/blood , Butyrylcholinesterase/drug effects , Pulmonary Circulation/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Vascular Resistance/drug effects
8.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 59(4): 339-47, 1999. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-247891

ABSTRACT

Es conocido que la adenosina atenúa las alteraciones sistólicas de la disfunción ventricular postisquémica ("miocardio atontado"), pero poco se conoce acerca de los efectos de este compuesto sobre las alteraciones diastólicas y, por otra parte, existe controversia sobre la importancia del momento de su administración. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar los efectos de la adenosina cuando es administrada: a) desde antes de la isquemia y b) a partir del inicio de la reperfusión, sobre la función sistólica y diastólica del "miocardio atontado". Un objetivo adicional fue determinar se la adenosina modifica la liberación de creatinfosfokinasa (CPK) y lacticodeshidrogenasa (LDH) que ocurre en el "miocardio atontado". Se utilizaron corazones aislados isovolúmicos de conejo, perfundidos según la técnica modificada de Langendorff, y sometidos a isquemia global de 15 minutos y reperfusión de 30 minutos. La colocación de un balón de látex en el ventrículo izquierdo, conectado a un transductor de presión, permitió registrar la presión intraventricular izquierda, su primera derivada (dP/dt) y la presión de perfusión coronaria (PP). Se midieron, la presión diastólica final (rigidez diastólica), la PP y la máxima velocidad de ascenso y de descenso de la presión (+dP/dtmáx y -dP/dtmáx, respectivamente). Se calculó la presión desarrollada de ventrículo isquierdo, el cociente entre la +dP/dtmáx y dP/dtmáx (+P/-P) y la constante de tiempo de decaimiento de la presión ventricular durante la fase de relajación isovolúmica (t, Tau). La adenosina, adminstrada tanto antes del período de isquemia como al comienzo de la reperfusión, atenuó las alteraciones sistólicas y la rigidez diastólica sin modificar la relajación isovolúmica. Asimismo, la adenosina no modificó significativamente la liberación de CPK y LDH.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Adenosine/pharmacology , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology , Diastole/drug effects , Myocardial Stunning , Systole/drug effects , Adenosine/administration & dosage , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/administration & dosage , Creatine Kinase/metabolism , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Myocardial Reperfusion , Time Factors , Ventricular Dysfunction
9.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 134(6): 661-67, nov.-dic. 1998. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-234103

ABSTRACT

En las fases iniciales del infarto del miocardio se prolonga el tiempo de la relajación ventricular. Para caracterizar el efecto del metoprolol, un agente ß-bloqueador sobre la constante T, índice derivado de la curva ventricular en la fase de relajación isovolumétrica, se estudiaron 12 perros a los que se les ligó la arteria descendente anterior. La constante T, la presión diastólica ventricular, la frecuencia cardiaca y la presión arterial media, se midieron en forma basal y a los 15, 30, 60, 120, y 180 minutos después de la oclusión. Sirvieron seis perros de control y a otros seis se les administró metoprolol a la dosis de 35 mg/kg/min, durante 5 minutos. Los perros control tuvieron constantes T más prolongadas, mayores niveles de presión diastólica ventricular y mayor hipotensión severa al final del estudio, en comparación con los tratados que mantuvieron la función diastólica y no tuvieron cambios importantes de la presión arterial. El ß-bloqueador disminuye la alteración de la relajación ventricular, preserva la presión de llenado ventricular e impide el desarrollo de hipotensión en este modelo de infarto experimental


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Diastole/drug effects , Experiment of Substances , Heart Rate , Metoprolol/administration & dosage , Metoprolol/pharmacokinetics , Muscle Relaxation , Myocardial Infarction , Blood Pressure , Heart Ventricles
10.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 55(8): 443-51, ago. 1998. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-232880

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar la efectividad y la seguridad de 2 esquemas de sedación en pacientes infantiles con conducta negativa durante el tratamiento dental. Material y métodos. Se estudiaron 40 pacientes de 24 a 60 meses de edad, que se distribuyeron de manera aleatoria en 3 grupos; el primero recibió la combinación de midazolam con hidroxicina, el segundo recibió midazolam como agente único y el tercero recibió un placebo. Resultados. Un 78 por ciento del grupo que recibió la combinación de medicamentos presentó niveles de sedación en los límites: aceptable, bueno o excelente. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la eficacia de la combinación con respecto al empleo de midazolam como agente único. No se encontraron alteraciones fisiológicas negativas en ninguno de los grupos que recibieron ansiolíticos. Las frecuencias respiratoria y cardiaca fueron mayores en un 22 por ciento en el grupo placebo. Conclusión. La combinación de midazolam con hidroxicina puede ser utilizada para el manejo farmacológico de paciente pediátrico aprehensivo en el consultorio dental


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Conscious Sedation , Dental Caries/therapy , Dental Pulp Diseases/therapy , Diastole/drug effects , Heart Rate , Hydroxyzine/administration & dosage , Hydroxyzine/pharmacokinetics , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Midazolam/pharmacokinetics , Pediatric Dentistry/methods , Patient Dropouts
11.
Rev. méd. IMSS ; 36(3): 177-80, mayo-jun. 1998. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-243098

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar si es más eficaz la administración de amrinona que la de digoxina en la fase aguda de la insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva moderada y severa. Material y métodos. Se estudiaron dos grupos con 10 pacientes cada uno. Uno recibió 0.25 a 0.5 mg de digoxina intravenosa cada 8 horas; y el otro, 0.75 mg/kg de amrinona en bolo y 5 a 10 µg/kg/minuto como dosis de mantenimiento. Se realizó medición basal de tensión arterial sistólica, tensión arterial diastólica, frecuencia cardiaca y frecuencia respiratoria; así como a los 20, 60, 120, 180 y 1440 minutos posteriores a la administración de los medicamentos. Se utilizó t de Student, informando los promedios y la desviación estándar. Resultados: En promedio, en el grupo que recibió digoxina la tensión arterial sistólica basal fue de 139 ñ 5.6 mm Hg y a los 60 minutos de 130 ñ 9.4 (p< 0.02); la tensión arterial diastólica basal de 89 ñ 8.7 mm Hg y a los 60 minutos de 81 ñ 8.75 (p< 0.05); la frecuencia cardiaca basal de 126 ñ 6.9 latidos/minuto y a los 60 minutos de 113 ñ 10.5 (p< 0.001). En promedio, en el grupo que recibió amrinona la tensión arterial sistólica basal fue de 146 ñ 8.4 mm Hg y a los 20 minutos de 135 ñ 9.7 (p< 0.05); la tensión arterial diastólica basal de 90 ñ 4.7 mm Hg y a los 20 minutos de 83 ñ 6.7 (p< 0.02); la frecuencia cardiaca basal de 127.5 ñ 7.1 latidos/minuto y a los 20 minutos de 108.5 ñ 17 (p < 0.0001). Conclusiones: La amrinona es más eficaz que la digoxina en la fase aguda de la insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva moderada y severa


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Amrinone/administration & dosage , Amrinone/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Diastole/drug effects , Digoxin/administration & dosage , Digoxin/therapeutic use , Heart Failure/drug therapy , Respiratory Mechanics , Systole
12.
An. otorrinolaringol. mex ; 43(1): 14-8, dic.-feb. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-232814

ABSTRACT

La seudoefedrina es una amina simpaticomimética de mucho uso como descongestionante nasal, con efectos sistémicos secundarios entre ellos cardiovasculares; por ello, se realizó un estudio prospectivo en 25 pacientes con hipertensión arterial esencial sistémica controlada y/o cardiopatía isquémica que presentaban sinusitis aguda, con seudoefredina 60 mg c/12 hrs por 2 semanas contra placebo y grupo control, monitoreo por electrocardiografía ambulatoria, presión arterial ambulatoria, y revisión clínica. Los resultados demuestran que en pacientes controlados, el uso de seudoefedrina en las dosis recomendadas es útil y seguro. Se recomienda siempre la valoración por cardiólogo previa administración


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Cardiovascular System/drug effects , Drug Monitoring , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Ephedrine/administration & dosage , Ephedrine/therapeutic use , Heart Diseases/drug therapy , Blood Pressure , Sinusitis/drug therapy , Diastole/drug effects , Heart Rate , Systole
13.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 58(1): 22-8, 1998. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-212356

ABSTRACT

El objetivo principal del trabajo fue determinar en el corazón aislado de conejo el efecto del Enalaprilato administrado: a) antes de la isquemia y b) en el momento de la reperfusión, sobre la función sistólica y diastólica del "miocardio atontado", y también sobre la fase de "hiperfunción" que ocurre precozmente en la reperfusión. Un segundo objetivo fue determinar si el enalaprilato modifica la liberación de lactato, creatinfosfoquinasa (CPK) y lacticodeshidrogenasa (LDH), que ocurre en el "miocardio atontado". Para esto utilizamos corazones de conejo perfundidos con la técnica de Langendorff, sometidos a isquemia global de 15 min y reperfusión durante 30 min y en los que la colocación de un globo de látex en el ventrículo izquierdo permitió medir la presión ventricular, y calcular la presión desarrollada, la maxima velocidad de ascenso y descenso de la presión (+ DP/dtmaxy -dP/dtmax, respectivamente), el cociente entre estas dos variables de velocidad (+ P/-P), y la constante de tiempo dirante la caída de la presión venricular (tau, tau). El Enalaprilato administrado tanto antes de la isquemia, como al comienzo de la reperfusión, atenúo la disfunción postisquémica sistólica, y la fase precoz de "hiperfunción". El efecto sobre la función diastólica fue diferente según se considere el componente activo o el pasivo: mientras que no modificó las lteraciones la relajación, atenuó significantemente el aumento de la rigidez miocárdica. El Enalaprilato también disminuyó la cantidad de lactato en el efluente durante la reperfusión, pero no modificó la liberación de CPK y LDH.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Diastole/drug effects , Enalaprilat/pharmacology , Myocardial Stunning/physiopathology , Systole/drug effects , Creatine Kinase/metabolism , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Myocardial Reperfusion , Time Factors
14.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 16(2): 95-103, abr.-jun. 1997.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-197899

ABSTRACT

La regresión de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI) en pacientes hipertensos podría tener beneficios clínicos en la historia natural de estos pacientes. En el presente estudio hemos evaluado prospectivamente y en forma abierta el efecto del inhibidor de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina perindopril (Per) (adicionando hidrocloratiazida cuando no se pudo controlar la presión arterial) sobre la masa ventricular izquierda (MVI) medida ecográficamente (fórmula de Devereux). Se estudiaron 19 pacientes hipertensos esenciales (PA promedio 165 ñ 4/99 ñ 3 mmHg, promedio ñ ES) con HVI (10 hombres, 9 mujeres, edad promedio 57,7 ñ 8.9 años, índice de masa corporal 29,3 ñ 3,6 m/kg²) antes y después de 3, 6 y 12 meses de tratamiento. Dieciocho pacientes (95 por ciento) recibieron 8 mg/día de Per y 17 pacientes requirieron la adición de Hctz (dosis promedio 26 ñ 2 mg/día). Con el tratamiento se obtuvo un descenso significativo de las presiones arteriales aisladas (140 ñ 2/86 ñ 2 mmHg) y en la monitoría ambulatoria de 24 horas. No se observaron variaciones significativas en el peso corporal y tampoco en ninguno de los parámetros evaluados a lo largo del estudio (potasio plasmático, creatinina, glicemia, hematocrito, colesterol). Con el tratamiento se observó disminución significativa de la dimensión diastólica (F = 3,5 p < 0,03) y del grosor de la pared posterior del VI (F = 7,69, p < 0,001) a contar de los 6 meses de tratamiento y de la aurícula izquierda a partir de los 3 meses (F 5,62, p < 0,03). No se observaron cambios en la dimensión sistólica, grosor del septum interventricular, fracción de acortamiento, velocidades de las ondas E y A ni en la relación E/A de llenado diastólico transmitral. La masa ventricular y el índice de masa ventricular izquierda se redujeron significativamente (F = 7,04,p < 0,001 y F = 6,2, p < 0,01, respectivamente) alcanzando al final del estudio un 82 por ciento de la masa ventricular inicial. El descenso de la MVI y del IMVI se correlacionó significativamente con disminución de la PA sistólica y diastólica, de la PA media y diastólica nocturna. En conclusión: el control de la presión arterial con perindopril, asociado en la mayoría de los casos a hidroclorotiazida en dosis bajas logró inducir regresión de la HVI a partir de los 6 meses de tratamiento con disminución tanto del volumen diastólico como del grosor de la pared libre del VI


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/drug therapy , Diastole/drug effects , Hydrochlorothiazide/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies , Systole
15.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 16(1): 24-8, ene.-mar. 1997.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-197892

ABSTRACT

La terapia combinada de un antagonista de Ca++ y un inhibidor de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina, además de mejorar la tolerancia (menores dosis), permitiría mejor control de la PA por la acción amortiguadora que tienen los IECA sobre la estimulación del sistema RAA y del sistema simpático que ejercen los antagonistas del Ca++. Para estudiar la respuesta clínica a esta asociación, 84 hipertensos esenciales moderados (PAS entre 161-200 mmHg y PAD entre 114-120 mmHg) en etapas I-II OMS, fueron tratados con nifedipino 10 mg x 3 v. o enalapril 10 mg x 2 v. durante 3 ms. Cuarenta pac no lograron normotensión (< 140/90 mmHg), de los cuales 19 recibían enalaptil y 21, nifedipino, por lo que se les asoció el otro fármaco a dosis similar. Ambos grupos resultaron comparables en edad, sexo y niveles de la PA con monoterapia. La terapia combinada produjo desde el primer mes una nueva y significativa reducción de PA. Individualmente, 17 pac (42,5 por ciento) alcanzaron normotensión, 19 pac redujeron sus niveles de PAD entre 91 y 100 mmHg y sólo en 4 pac (10 por ciento) fracasó la combinación. Los efectos adversos fueron los clásicos para estas drogas: 33 por ciento con monoterapia y 20 por ciento con terapia combinada. Se concluye que en hipertensión esencial, de moderada a severa, la asociación de nifedipino y enalapril, a dosis moderadas, permite un control adecuado de la PA con menos efectos adversos


Subject(s)
Humans , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Calcium Channel Blockers/administration & dosage , Hypertension/drug therapy , Diastole/drug effects , Drug Combinations , Enalapril/administration & dosage , Nifedipine/administration & dosage , Systole
16.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 125(1): 23-9, ene. 1997. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-194519

ABSTRACT

One hundred eighty eight hyoertensive patients, aged 21 to 80 years old, coming from 4 Chilean hospitals were studied. Using an open non controlled design, they were treated with placebo for two weeks and with the active drug during eight weeks, in initial doses of 2.5 mg/day that were adjusted to 5 mg/day in diastolic blood pressure did not drop below 90 mm Hg or if its reduction was less than 10 mm Hg. During the active drug treatment period, systolic blood pressure decreased from 164.8ñ7.2 to 147.3ñ4.8 mm Hg. Diastolic blood pressure dropped from 102.3ñ3.1 to 87.8ñ3.0 mm Hg. Seventy percent of patients achieved a diastolic blood pressure of less than 90 mm Hg, 56.9 percent with 2.5 mg/day and 13.8 percent with 5 mg/day. Dizziness, cough and headache were the main adverse reactions, observed in 3.7, 3.2 and 2.1 percent of patients respectively. Adherence to treatment was 98 percent. There were no changes in laboratory values during the treatment period. Ramipril is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of essential hypertension


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Ramipril/pharmacokinetics , Hypertension/drug therapy , Ramipril/adverse effects , Diastole/drug effects , Blood Chemical Analysis , Clinical Protocols , Systole
17.
Saudi Medical Journal. 1997; 18 (5): 504-506
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-114778

ABSTRACT

To investigate the effect of epinephrine in local anesthetic solutions on systolic and diastolic blood pressures. A buccal infiltration injection of 1.8 ml lignocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000 [18 ug] was administered to normotensive female dental students in conjunction with periodic blood pressure measurements lasting until 15 minutes after the injection. College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. There was a statistically significant fall in both the systolic and diastolic pressures starting immediately after removal of the needle from the tissues; the systolic pressure continued to fall for ten minutes and the diastolic pressure for seven minutes, after which they started to rise again. Local anesthetics that contain epinephrine lower the systolic and diastolic blood pressures of normotensive patients after dental infiltrations


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Anesthetics, Local , Systole/drug effects , Diastole/drug effects , Anesthesia, Dental
18.
Medical Journal of Cairo University [The]. 1997; 65 (2): 495-505
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-45748

ABSTRACT

Diastolic left ventricular function has been assessed by echo- Doppler examination in 23 patients [mean age = 11.6 years] with B- thalassemia major. The results were compared with those obtained from 10 normal age-matched control individuals. Parameters showed statistically significant difference between patients and controls were peak flow velocity in late diastole [A], ratio of peak flow velocity in early to late diastole [E/A], isovolumic relaxation time [IVRT], left atrial [LA] and aortic root [Ao] dimensions, left ventricular posterior wall thickness in diastole [LPWdiast], interventricular septal thickness [IVS], left ventricular end diastolic [LVEDD] and end systolic [LVESD] dimensions. Captopril [Capoten], an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, was given to these patients in the therapeutic dose [0.5-1 mg/kg body weight/24 hours]. A follow up study was done for 15 patients after 10-30 days [intermediate study]. The effect of captopril appeared in the form of decrease of A wave with an increase of E/A ratio, which probably suggest improved myocardial diastolic function. Furthermore, left ventricular end diastolic dimension displayed statistically significant decrease


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Captopril/pharmacology , Diastole/drug effects , Thalassemia/physiopathology , Ventricular Function, Left/drug therapy , Ventricular Function/drug effects , Angiotensins
19.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 15(4): 172-8, oct.-dic. 1996. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-197885

ABSTRACT

En la hipertrofia ventricular izquierda patológica (HVI) se ha propuesto que la hipertrofia miocitaria y la fibrosis miocárdica son responsables del aumento de la rigidez diastólica observada. En el presente estudio hemos intentado obtener regresión de HVI experimental con tratamiento antihipertensivo, a fin de evaluar simultáneamente los efectos sobre el colágeno miocárdico y sobre la rigidez diastólica. Se compararon ratas Goldblatt (1 clip 2 riñones) con hipertensión arterial durante 4 semanas (HT4S,n=12) o 12 semanas (HT12S,n=11) con ratas cuyo tratamiento antihipertensivo con losartan (8 semanas, 30 mg/kg/día; LOS,n=12 o enalapril (8 semanas, 50mg/L;ENA,n=11) se comenzó después de 4 semanas de hipertensión establecida. Un grupo de ratas seudooperadas sirvió como grupo control (CTRL,n=9). La presión arterial aumentó significativamente y se desarrolló HVI después de 4 y 12 semanas de hipertensión. El tratamiento con losartan o con enalapril durante 8 semanas disminuyó significativamente la PA e indujo regresión completa de la HVI. La concentración de hidroxiprolila miocárdica aumentó en los grupos HT4S y HT12S (530ñ153 µg/g y 581ñ111 mg/g, respectivamente) en lo referente a los controles (421ñ22 µg/g,p< 0,01). Ninguno de los dos tratamientos indujo regresión del colágeno miocárdico aumentado. Las pendientes de la relación tensión-elongación de fin de diástole obtenidas en el corazón aislado-perfundido, un indicador de rigidez diastólica miocárdica, fueron significativamente mayores en los grupos HT4S y HT12S, así como también en ambos grupos tratados comparadas con el grupo CTRL. En conclusión, losartan y enalapril disminuyeron significativamente la presión arterial e indujeron regresión completa de HVI en este modelo de hipertensión renovascular. Ninguno de los dos tratamientos utilizados indujo regresión del colágeno miocárdico aumentado ni redujo la rigidez diastólica anormal del VI. Estos datos sugieren que, en este modelo de HVI patológica, la disfunción diastólica depende más del colágeno miocárdico aumentado que de la masa VI


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Diastole/drug effects , Enalapril/pharmacokinetics , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/drug therapy , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Collagen , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hydroxyproline , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/drug effects , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
20.
Acta cient. venez ; 47(1): 11-6, 1996. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-217033

ABSTRACT

Albino rats were made hypertensive by 1 percent NaCl in the drinking water for 4-5 months, systolic (SBP) and distolic blood pressure (DBP) were 164.0 +/- 10.1 mm Hg and 118.7 +/- 4.6 mm Hg respectively, vs. control rats whose SBP and DBP were 119.0 +/- 4.4 mm Hg and 86.8 +/- 4.3 mm Hg respectively. Psychosocial stress (1 hour daily for 4-5 months) only raised SBP to 140.0 +/- 5.2 mm Hg; DBP remained unaltered. One percent NaCl intake combined with psychosocial stress, increased SBP and DBP but not significantly beyond the level observed with single 1 percent NaCl administration. Formerly described control and hypertensive rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg) and stereotaxically injected into de cisterna magna (i.c.) with 20 microliters of 1.5 M NaCl solution. During i.c. injection, intraarterial SBP, DBP and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded. After i.c., 1.5 M NaCl injection, mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased 21.0 +/- 4.0 mm Hg and HR 51.0 +/- 5.0 beats/min in control rats. Rats made hypertensive by 1 percent NaCl intake showed a significantly lower increase of MAP, 11.0 +/- 1.8 mm Hg; HR increased 37.0 +/- 4.3 beats/min. Rats submitted only to psychosocial stress displayed a response similar to the one described in control rats. Hypertensive rats submitted to both 1 percent NaCl intake and psychosocial stress had a more intense reduction of the hypertensive and tachycardic response, 8.0 +/- 2.2 mm Hg and 20.0 +/- 3.2 beats/min respectively. Control i.c. injection with the same volume of saline (0.15 M NaCl) did not change significantly SBP, DBP or HR in a separate group of rats. Left ventricle weight (0.754 +/- 0.0333 g) was augmented in the 1 percent NaCl treated group (0.795 +/- 0.038 g), and increased its protein content by 13.1 percent changes not statistically significant). The highest increase of the left ventricle weight (23.7 percent above control) with no change in its protein content was observed in rats submitted to 1 percent NaCl intake plus psychosocial stress. In conclusion, chronic high NaCl intake increased blood pressure; psychosocial stress acted as a weak stimulus for SBP and DBP increase, and central nervous system sodium chloride sensitivity for delivering a peripheral sympathetic discharge was found decreased in rats made hypertensive by a high salt intake


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Central Nervous System/drug effects , Cisterna Magna , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology , Heart Rate , Hypertension/physiopathology , Arterial Pressure , Diastole/drug effects , Stress, Psychological/chemically induced , Organ Size/drug effects , Proteins/analysis , Proteins , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Systole
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